A cobpoba



Sept 1, 1925.

R. SUCZEK METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING FLUID Original Filed Jan. 6, 1917 C922 5i ATTORNEY.

l NVEN TOR.

10 ing Fluid, of which t Reiasued Sept. 1, 1925.

UNITED sures Re. 16,156 PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT SUOZEK, OI PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AS81089!!- !l'd 6. 3. WHEELER murac'runme oomramr, or TION or rmmsnvam.

METHOD 0]! AND APPARATUS FOR C JOHPG FLUID). Original 1T0. 1,282,977, dated October 28, 1818, Serial No. 140,901, flied January 8, 1917. Application for reissue filed February 25, 1821.

To all whomit ma concern:

Be it known that I, Roaru'r SUCZEK, formerly a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, and now a citizen of the I Czechoslovak Republic, residin in the city hiladel'phia,

of Philadelphia, county of have invented and. State of Pennsylvania, certain new v and useful Methods of and Ap aratus or Compresse following is a specification.

My invention relates to a method ofand apparatus for compressing elastic fluid, such as a gas, vapor, or a mixture of them,

ll and involves the ejector principle in accordance with which an elastic motive fluid, such' as steam is allowed to ex and and entrain the fluid to be compress When an elastic fluidis passed through a so notzle it expands and attamshigh velocity,

and-the free jet beyond the nozzle will entrain va or or gas or finely divided solid or liqui material, and the mixture of motive fluid and entrained material is then usually passed through a diffuser in which the mixture under oes compression and simultaneously diminishes in velocity. Energy is expanded upon the mixture in so compressing it, and the temperature of the mixture rises or is increased, due to the compression.

In accordance with my invention, I chill or cool the mixture while in the difi'user, with the result that the densit per unit volume increases, wit the result that less energy, and therefore less motive fluid, is required, to compress or raise the pressure of a given amount of gas, vapor or any other material to be entrained to the final desired pressure. In consequence even in a single stage ejector, economy is effected by the aforementioned cooling.

In a plural stage ejector the coolin is most desirable in connection with the rst stage or the earlier stages, but may be employed also in connection with any later stage or stages. Where in a plural stage system cooling in the first stage or the earlier stages is resorted to, the resultant reater density of the mixture as it leaves t e first stage or earlier stages passes through a given sized passage or given shaped passage to a later stage with less Im rovements in or weight- Serial No. 447,875.

friction loss in such 332:1: and in the later stage there results the advantage that the total volume of the mixture of motive find from the first stage or earlier stages and entrained gas or vapor to be 0 erated u on by the later stage is the less cause 0 its ower temperature, with the result that in such later stage a smaller amount of motive fluid will be necessary to raise the mixture to. a still higher pressure.

And it in a later stage cooling is resorted to wh1le themixture is undergoing compression there results the advanta e also that the amount of motive fluid uired for that stage is less than where cooling is not resorted to.

Accordingly, my invention resides in a method of and apgaratus for coolingthe mixture of motive uid and entrained fluid in either single or multi-stage apparatus while such mixture is under 0mg compres- 81011; and my invention resldes also in a method of and apparatus'for comp fluid in a plurality of recourse to coohng of the mixture 0 motive fluid and entrained fluid of an undergoing compression, or rimmediately thereagtcir, or both, lvg iieereby such mixture upon eiv 'toa rstageruiresin such later :Zge less motive fluid to eflect the desired cdmpression.

For an illustration of some of the forms my invention may take and for an understanding of my method, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings, in which: V

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view, some parts in elevation, taken through a double stage ejector a paratus.

Fig. 2 is a vert'ca sectional view, some parts in elevation, through a double stage e ector apparatus in which in one stage a difi'erent type of ejector is used from that in th other.

Referring to Fig. 1, I is the first sta e ejector and I the second stage ejector, sac of the type disclosed in Letters Patent No. 1,282,595 October 22, 1918. The air, as or vapor to be raised in pressure, as or example, withdrawn from a steam condenser or from any other suitable rece tacle, is admitted through the passage, which communicates with the space between the vma, a coaroaaearlier stage while tom of the chambers an annular expansion nozzle B and the associated annular diffuser H. Steam is delivered from a suitable source, as a steam boiler, through the pi e g, and is admitted through the valve h t rough the strainer i, and valve m to the pipe at, which delivers through the strainer i, into the passage A, from which it passes through the throat of the nozzle B and is expanded by the nozzle B.

Two annular chambers C are provided, each having a side or cheek of the diffuser H as a part of its wall. With each chamber C communicate two water or other cooling liquid connections a and b, the connections a being employed to conduct the cooling liquid into the chamber C, and the connections to conduct it away therefrom. If, however, the apparatus is employed in a position which is inverted with res ect to that shown in Fig. 1, the cooling liquid will be admitted into the chambers G by the connections I) and withdrawn therefrom through the connections a, it being preferable to admit the coolin liquid at the hot- 5 withdraw it from the top.

The mixture of motive and entrained fluids is delivered by the first stage ejector I through its discharge casing F and through the passages p to the second stage ejector 1,, comprising the expansion nozzle B and the difi'user H,, the latter delivering into the discharge casing F which delivers through the passage A, to atmosphere or any other pressure. Steam is admitted to the nozzle B through the strainer 11 and V the passage A culatin The operation is as follows:

In the first stage the steam passing through the nozzle B is expanded and entrains the vapor or as which enters through the passage A,, an the mixture of motive and entrained fluids is then compressed in the difiuser H and while undergoing compression tend to rise or. increase in temperature. This is more or less completely prevented by extracting heat from the mixture through the checks or walls of the diffuser H into the cooling liquid in the chamber G, such cooling liquid continuously cirtherethrough, cold liquid continuous y entering, and warmed liquid continuously leaving. This cooling efiect requires less expenditure of energy to entrain the vapor or gas entering at A and to raise it in pressure to the pressure existing in the discharge casing F and passages p, with the result that the amount of steam delivered to the nozzle B through the pipe n is correspondingly diminished.

Furthermore, due to the cooler condition of the mixture of motive and entrained fluids, they pass with less frictional losses through the discharge casing F and the passages p into the second stage ejector 1,. In the second stage ejector, by action similar to that previously described, the mixtures are raised in pressure to atmospheric pressure or any other desired pressure. 'And because of the coolin of the mixture from the first stage,'its ensity or weight per unit volume is greater, with the result that less steam is required in the nozzle B to raise the mixture to atmospheric pressure, or any other desired pressure. It readily will be understood that cooling liquid chambers, like C, C of the first stage, may also be applied to the second stage around the diffuser H,. In such case the cooling liquid more or less completely prevents rise in temperature due to the compression in the diffuser H and therefore requires less ener to raise the entrained gas to atmospheric or other desired pressure, with resultant further decrease in steam consumption in the nozzle B In Fig. 2 the ejector of the first stage I is of a well known type involving any suitable number of expansion nozzles N which receive their steam through the pipe n and strainer i With these nozzles is associated the tubular diffuser H more or less of the length of which is surrounded by the chamber C,, through which cooling liquid is circulated through the pipe connections 0 and d. The diffuser I-I delivers through the passages to the second stage ejector 1,, which is s own as of a type similar to those employed in Fig. 1, and having the diffuser H expansion nozzle. 13,, and discharge casing F,, steam being supplied to the nozzle B through the assage A Here again the fluid to e compressed is admitted through the passage A, and is entrained by the steam jets issuing from the nozzles N, and the mixture of motive and entrained fluids are compressed in the diffuser H The cooling liquid circulated through the chamber (1 prevents more or less completely arise in temperature of the mixture due to the compression, and the same is accordingly delivered in cooled condition through the passages p to the second stage ejector, where they are further raised in pressure as hereinbefore described.

Here again the effect is the same in that less steam will be required for the nozzles N; and the fact that the mixture delivered from the diffuser H is cooler, and is therefore of higher density, insures less friction loss through the passages 12; and it further requires, due to its higher density, less steam supply to the nozzle B Obviously the second stages of the ejectors in Figs. 1 and 2 may be provided with means for extracting heat from the diffuser walls. In the second stages of both figures are shown casings C 0 each having a side wall or check of the diffuser H as a pipes a, and 6,, the pipes at, conductin part Otis wall. With each chamber 0,

to may vary'within wide ranges, and may undergo g be so great in some instances as to actually condense the vapor, if any, in the mixture of motive fluid and entrained fluid while compression; or the cooling may be of lesser degree, to allow the vapors to remain in thevapor'state; or such cooling may be of an'intermediate degree wherein some of the vapor is condensed and remains suspended in the remainder of the uncondcnsed vapor or elastic fluid in the form of moisture.

tures [of ejectors herein disc It will be understood that my invention is not limited, except where specifically expressed in the claims, to the t' es and strucosed, nor is itlimited to the number of stages involved, but may be applied to ejectors of any type and any number of stages.

What'Iclaim is: I

1. The method of'raising the pressure of elastic fluid, which consists in expanding an elastic motive fluid, entraining therein the elastic fluid whose pressure is to be increased, compressing the mixture of inotive and entrained fluids by conversion of velocity into pressure, cooling said mixture while its velocity is so being converted into pressure, in a second stage expanding motive fluid, entraining therein said cooled compressed mixture, and compressin the resultant mixture by conversion of velocity into pressura' 2. The method of raising the pressure of elastic fluid, which, consists in expanding an elastic motive fluid, entraining therein the elastic fluid whose pressure is to be increased, compressing the mixture of motive and entrained fluids in a thin sheet, and extracting heat from said mixture while undergoing compression.

3. Themethod of raising. the pressure of elastic fluid, which consists in expanding an elastic motive fluid, entraining therein the elastic fluid whose pressure is to be increased, compressing the mixture of mo tive and entrained fluids by conversion of velocity into pressure, cooling the mixture of motive and entrained fluids while undergoing compression, and in a second stage expanding motive fluid, entraining therein the cooled entrained fluid from the first stage, and compressing to higher pressure the mixture of said motive fluid and cooled entrained fluid from the first stage by conversion of velocity into pressure.

4. The method of raising the pressure of elastic fluid, which consists in expanding ,an elasticmotive fluid, entraining therein the elasticfluidwhose pressure is to be' increased, compressing the mixture of motive and entrained fluids by conversion of velocity into pressure, cooling the mixture x of motive and entrained fluids while undergoing compression, and in. a second stage expandin motive fluid entraining therein the coole stage, compressing to higher pressure the mixture of said motive fluid and cooled entrained fluid from the first stage by conversion of velocity into pressure, and while undergoing compression cooling said last named mixture.

'5. Inejeetor apparatus, thecombination with. a nozzle for expanding motive fluid 1n ducting elastic fluid to be com-pressed to contact with said motive fluid,- an alined diffuser having a narrow passage through which the fluid passes in a thin sheet and means for extracting heat from the walls of said difl'user.

6. In ejector apparatus the combination with a nozzle for expan ing motive fluid in a thin sheet or disk, of means for conducting elastic. fluid to be compressed to contact'with said dilfuser. having a narrow passage through which the fluid passes in a thin sheet, and means for jacketmg said difluse'r with cool in fluid. y

In multi-sta'ge ejector apparatus, the combination with nozzle structure for expanding elastic motive fluid, means for conducting elastic fluid to be compressed to contact with the motive fluid issuing from said nozzle structure, a difluser, means 'for extractin heat from the mixture ,of said fluids, 'a second stage nozzle structure for expanding elastic motive fluid, means for conducting cooled compressed fluid from the first stage to contact with the'motive fluid issuing from said second sta nozzle structure, and a diffuser in which the second stage mixture loses velocity and gains in pressure.

8. In multi-stage ejector apparatus, the combinationwith nozzle structure for expanding elastic motive fluid, means for conducting elastic'fluid to be compressed to contact with the motive fluid issuing'from said nozzle structure, a diffuser, means for extracting heat from the mixture of said fluids, a second stage nozzle structure for expanding elastic motive fluid, means for conducting cooled compressed fluid from the first stage to contact with the motive fluid issuing a from said second stage nozzle structure, a d'ifluser in which the second stage mixture loses velocity and gains in pressure, and means for extracting heat from the mixture while in the second stage difluser.

9. In multi-stage ejector apparatus, the

entrained uid from the first motivefluid, an alineda thin sheet or disk, of means for concombination with nozzle structure for exdifluser, a second stage nozz e structure for expanding elastic'motive fluid, means for conducting cooled compressed fluid fromthe first stage to contact with the motive fluid issuing from said second stage'nozzle structure and difiuser structure mwhich the second stage mixture loses'velocity and gains in pressure.

10.- A single'stage ejector ior increasing the pressure of elastic fluid from a pressure below atmospheric pressure to a higher pressure comprising divergent nozzle structure whose outlet area is materially greater than itsthro'at area for expanding elastic motive fluid into a high velocit jet, a chamber in which said jet entrains t e elastic fluid to be compressed while at a pressure below atmospheric pressure, a diffuser having a convergent section adjacent said nozzle structure allowed by a section of substantially constant cross section, and means external to said diffuser for cooling a wall thereof at said convergent section.

11. A single stage e'ector for increasing the pressure of elastic uid from a pressure below atmospheric pressure to a higher pres-- sure comprising divergent nozzle structure whose outlet area is materially greater than its throat area for expanding elastic motive fluid into a high velocity jet, a chamber in which said jet entrains the elastic fluid to be compressed while at a pressure below atmospheric pressure, a'difiuserhaving a convergentsection adjacent said nozzle structure followed by a section of substantially constant cross section, and means external to said difl'user for cooling the wall thereof at said convergent section and said section of substant-i y constant cross section.

12. E'e r apparatus for compressing elastic uid from a pressure below atmospheric pressure to a bi her pressure comprising divergent nozz e structure whose outlet area is material] greater than its throat area for expan ing elastic motive fluid into a high velocity jet, a co-operatinfi diffuser structure forming a passage throng which the mixture ofmotive and entrained fluids passes, a discharge chamber receiving said mixture from said difl'use'r structure, and means for extractin' heat from said mixture while in said di user passage and while in said chamber.

13. Ejector appa atus compr sing nozzle structure, co-opera ing difluser structure forming a difiuser passage through which the mixture of motive and entrained fluids asses in the form of a thin sheet, and means or extract-in heat from opposite sides of said mixture s eet.

14. Ejector apparatus comprising nozzle structure, co-operating difi'user structure formin a narrow difluser passa e through which t e mixture of motive an entrained fluids passes in a thin mass, and a cooling jacket containing cooling medium extracting heat from opposite sides of said mass.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto aifixed my signature this I- day of F ebruary, 1921.

ROBERT SUCZEK.

Certificate of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Reirsue Letters Patent No. 16,156, granted Septemher l, 1925, upon the application of Robert Suczek, of Philadelplrn, Pennsyl- Vania, for an improvement in Methods of and Apparatus for Compressing Fluid, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 1, lines 80 and 81, strike out the words or immediately thereafter, or b061,; and that. the {aid Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and scaled this 17th day of November, A. I). 1925.

[snub] WM. A. KINNAN,

Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

